Bedrock is a modern WordPress stack that helps you get started with the best development tools and project structure., (*1)
ToC
Quick Start
Use phphaus/vagrant-lamp to get started with a development VM customized for Bedrock., (*2)
Or run composer create-project phphaus/bedrock <path> (see Installation/Usage for more details) to just get a new copy of Bedrock locally., (*3)
Features
- Dependency management with Composer
- Better folder structure
- Easy WordPress configuration with environment specific files
- Environment variables with Dotenv
- Easy server environments with Vagrant and Ansible - bedrock-ansible on GitHub
- Autoloader for mu-plugins (let's you use regular plugins as mu-plugins)
Bedrock is meant as a base for you to fork and modify to fit your needs. It is delete-key friendly and you can strip out or modify any part of it. You'll also want to customize Bedrock with settings specific to your sites/company., (*4)
Much of the philosphy behind Bedrock is inspired by the Twelve-Factor App methodology including the WordPress specific version., (*5)
Note: While this is a project from the guys behind the Roots starter theme, Bedrock isn't tied to Roots in any way and works with any theme., (*6)
Requirements
- Git
- PHP >= 5.3.2 (for Composer)
If you aren't interested in using a part, then you don't need its requirements either., (*7)
Installation/Usage
See Documentation for more details on the steps below., (*8)
Using create-project
Composer's create-project command will automatically install the Bedrock project to a directory and run composer install., (*9)
The post-install script will automatically copy .env.example to .env and you'll be prompted about generating salt keys and appending them to your .env file., (*10)
Note: To generate salts without a prompt, run create-project with -n (non-interactive). You can also change the generate-salts setting in composer.json under config in your own fork. The default is true., (*11)
To skip the scripts completely, create-project can be run with --no-scripts to disable it., (*12)
- Run
composer create-project phphaus/bedrock <path> (path being the folder to install to). User syntax composer create-project=1.3.x-dev phphaus/bedrock <path> to install a particular version.
- Edit
.env and update environment variables:
-
DB_NAME - Database name
-
DB_USER - Database user
-
DB_PASSWORD - Database password
-
DB_HOST - Database host (defaults to localhost)
-
WP_ENV - Set to environment (development, staging, production, etc)
-
WP_HOME - Full URL to WordPress home (http://example.com)
-
WP_SITEURL - Full URL to WordPress including subdirectory (http://example.com/wp)
- Add theme(s)
- Set your Nginx or Apache vhost to
/path/to/site/resources/public/
- Access WP Admin at
http://example.com/wp/wp-admin
Manually
- Clone/Fork repo
- Run
composer install
- Copy
.env.example to .env and update environment variables:
-
DB_NAME - Database name
-
DB_USER - Database user
-
DB_PASSWORD - Database password
-
DB_HOST - Database host (defaults to localhost)
-
WP_ENV - Set to environment (development, staging, production, etc)
-
WP_HOME - Full URL to WordPress home (http://example.com)
-
WP_SITEURL - Full URL to WordPress including subdirectory (http://example.com/wp)
- Add theme(s)
- Set your Nginx or Apache vhost to
/path/to/site/resources/public/
- Access WP Admin at
http://example.com/wp/wp-admin
Documentation
Folder Structure
├── composer.json
├── build
├── resources
│ ├── config
│ │ ├── application.php
│ │ ├── environments
│ │ │ ├── development.php
│ │ │ ├── staging.php
│ │ │ └── production.php
│ │ └── application.php
│ └── public
│ ├── app
│ │ ├── mu-plugins
│ │ ├── plugins
│ │ └── themes
│ ├── wp-config.php
│ ├── index.php
│ └── wp
├── src
├── test
└── vendor
The organization of Bedrock is similar to putting WordPress in its own subdirectory but with some improvements., (*13)
- In order not to expose sensitive files in the webroot, Bedrock moves what's required into a
resources/public/ directory including the vendor'd wp/ source, and the wp-content source.
-
wp-content (or maybe just content) has been named app to better reflect its contents. It contains application code and not just "static content". It also matches up with other frameworks such as Symfony and Rails.
-
wp-config.php remains in the resources/public/ because it's required by WP, but it only acts as a loader. The actual configuration files have been moved to resources/config/ for better separation.
-
vendor/ is where the Composer managed dependencies are installed to.
-
wp/ is where the WordPress core lives. It's also managed by Composer but can't be put under vendor due to WP limitations.
Configuration Files
The root resources/public/wp-config.php is required by WordPress and is only used to load the other main configs. Nothing else should be added to it., (*14)
resources/config/application.php is the main config file that contains what wp-config.php usually would. Base options should be set in there., (*15)
For environment specific configuration, use the files under resources/config/environments. By default there's is development, staging, and production but these can be whatever you require., (*16)
The environment configs are required before the main application config so anything in an environment config takes precedence over application., (*17)
Note: You can't re-define constants in PHP. So if you have a base setting in application.php and want to override it in production.php for example, you have a few options:, (*18)
- Remove the base option and be sure to define it in every environment it's needed
- Only define the constant in
application.php if it isn't already defined.
Don't want it?
You will lose the ability to define environment specific settings., (*19)
- Move all configuration into
wp-config.php
- Manually deal with environment specific options
- Remove
config directory
Environment Variables
Bedrock tries to separate config from code as much as possible and environment variables are used to achieve this. The benefit is there's a single place (.env) to keep settings like database or other 3rd party credentials that isn't committed to your repository., (*20)
PHP dotenv is used to load the .env file. All variables are then available in your app by getenv, $_SERVER, or $_ENV., (*21)
Currently, the following env vars are required:, (*22)
DB_USERDB_NAMEDB_PASSWORDWP_HOMEWP_SITEURL
Don't want it?
You will lose the separation between config and code and potentially put secure credentials at risk., (*23)
- Remove
dotenv from composer.json requires
- Remove
.env.example file from root
- Remove
require_once('vendor/autoload.php'); from wp-config.php
- Replace all
getenv calls with whatever method you want to set those values
Composer
Composer is used to manage dependencies. Bedrock considers any 3rd party library as a dependency including WordPress itself and any plugins., (*24)
See these two blogs for more extensive documentation:, (*25)
Screencast ($): Using Composer With WordPress, (*26)
Plugins
WordPress Packagist is already registered in the composer.json file so any plugins from the WordPress Plugin Directory can easily be required., (*27)
To add a plugin, add it under the require directive or use composer require <namespace>/<packagename> from the command line. If it's from WordPress Packagist then the namespace is always wpackagist-plugin., (*28)
Example: "wpackagist-plugin/akismet": "dev-trunk", (*29)
Whenever you add a new plugin or update the WP version, run composer update to install your new packages., (*30)
plugins, and mu-plugins are Git ignored by default since Composer manages them. If you want to add something to those folders that isn't managed by Composer, you need to update .gitignore to whitelist them:, (*31)
!resources/public/app/plugins/plugin-name, (*32)
Note: Some plugins may create files or folders outside of their given scope, or even make modifications to wp-config.php and other files in the app directory. These files should be added to your .gitignore file as they are managed by the plugins themselves, which are managed via Composer. Any modifications to wp-config.php that are needed should be moved into config/application.php., (*33)
Updating WP and plugin versions
Updating your WordPress version (or any plugin) is just a matter of changing the version number in the composer.json file., (*34)
Then running composer update will pull down the new version., (*35)
Themes
Themes can also be managed by Composer but should only be done so under two conditions:, (*36)
- You're using a parent theme that won't be modified at all
- You want to separate out your main theme and use that as a standalone package
Under most circumstances we recommend NOT doing #2 and instead keeping your main theme as part of your app's repository., (*37)
Just like plugins, WPackagist maintains a Composer mirror of the WP theme directory. To require a theme, just use the wpackagist-theme namespace., (*38)
Don't want it?
Composer integration is the biggest part of Bedrock, so if you were going to remove it there isn't much point in using Bedrock., (*39)
DB Syncing
Bedrock doesn't come with anything by default to do DB syncing yet. The best option is to use WP-CLI., (*40)
wp-cron
Bedrock disables the internal WP Cron via define('DISABLE_WP_CRON', true);. If you keep this setting, you'll need to manually set a cron job like the following in your crontab file:, (*41)
*/5 * * * * curl http://example.com/wp/wp-cron.php, (*42)
WP-CLI
Bedrock works with WP-CLI just like any other WordPress project would. Previously we required WP-CLI in our composer.json file as a dependency. This has been removed since WP-CLI now recommends installing it globally with a phar file. It also caused conflicts if you tried using a global install., (*43)
The wp command will automatically pick up Bedrock's subdirectory install as long as you run commands from within the project's directory (or deeper). Bedrock includes a wp-cli.yml file that sets the path option to resources/public/wp. Use this config file for any further configuration., (*44)
Vagrant/Puppet
Vagrant integration with Bedrock can now be found in the separate phphaus/vagrant-lamp project. Basic instructions exist in that project's README, but if you want a Vagrant box tied to a specific Bedrock based WP application, copy the example Vagrantfile into your app's repo and edit the necessary file paths., (*45)
mu-plugins autoloader
Bedrock includes an autoloader that enables standard plugins to be required just like must-use plugins.
The autoloaded plugins are included after all mu-plugins and standard plugins have been loaded.
An asterisk (*) next to the name of the plugin designates the plugins that have been autoloaded.
To remove this functionality, just delete resources/public/app/mu-plugins/bedrock-autoloader.php., (*46)
This enables the use of mu-plugins through Composer if their package type is wordpress-muplugin. You can also override a plugin's type like the following example:, (*47)
"installer-paths": {
"resources/public/app/mu-plugins/{$name}/": ["type:wordpress-muplugin", "roots/soil"],
"resources/public/app/plugins/{$name}/": ["type:wordpress-plugin"],
"resources/public/app/themes/{$name}/": ["type:wordpress-theme"]
},
Soil is a package with its type set to wordpress-plugin. Since it implements composer/installers we can override its type., (*48)
Todo
- Solution for basic database syncing/copying
Contributing
Everyone is welcome to help contribute and improve this project. There are several ways you can contribute:, (*49)
- Reporting issues (please read issue guidelines)
- Suggesting new features
- Writing or refactoring code
- Fixing issues
- Replying to questions on the forum
Support
Use the Roots Discourse forum to ask questions and get support., (*50)
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