pear/text_highlighter

More info available on: http://pear.php.net/package/Text_Highlighter

Text_Highlighter

, _(*1)

Introduction

Text_Highlighter is a class for syntax highlighting. The main idea is to simplify creation of subclasses implementing syntax highlighting for particular language. Subclasses do not implement any new functioanality, they just provide syntax highlighting rules. The rules sources are in XML format. To create a highlighter for a language, there is no need to code a new class manually. Simply describe the rules in XML file and use Text_Highlighter_Generator to create a new class., _(*2)

This document does not contain a formal description of API - it is very simple, and I believe providing some examples of code is sufficient., _(*3)

Highlighter XML source

Basics

Creating a new syntax highlighter begins with describing the highlighting rules. There are two basic elements: block and region. A block is just a portion of text matching a regular expression and highlighted with a single color. Keyword is an example of a block. A region is defined by two regular expressions: one for start of region, and another for the end. The main difference from a block is that a region can contain blocks and regions (including same-named regions). An example of a region is a group of statements enclosed in curly brackets (this is used in many languages, for example PHP and C). Also, characters matching start and end of a region may be highlighted with their own color, and region contents with another., _(*4)

Blocks and regions may be declared as contained. Contained blocks and regions can only appear inside regions. If a region or a block is not declared as contained, it can appear both on top level and inside regions. Block or region declared as not-contained can only appear on top level., _(*5)

For any region, a list of blocks and regions that can appear inside this region can be specified., _(*6)

In this document, the term "color group" is used. Chunks of text assigned to same color group will be highlighted with same color. Note that in versions prior 0.5.0 color goups were refered as CSS classes, but since 0.5.0 not only HTML output is supported, so "color group" is more appropriate term., _(*7)

Elements

The toplevel element is . Attribute lang is required and denotes the name of the language. Its value is used as a part of generated class name, and must only contain letters, digits and underscores. Optional attribute case, when given value yes, makes the language case sensitive (default is case insensitive). Allowed subelements are:, _(*8)

* <authors>: Information about the authors of the file.
    <author>: Information about a single author of the file. (May be used
    multiple times, one per author.)
            - name="...": Author's name. Required.
            - email="...": Author's email address. Optional.

* <default>: Default color group.
      - innerGroup="...": color group name. Required.

* <region>: Region definition
      - name="...": Region name. Required.
      - innerGroup="...": Default color group of region contents. Required.
      - delimGroup="...": color group of start and end of region. Optional,
        defaults to value of innerGroup attribute.
      - start="...", end="...": Regular expression matching start and end
        of region. Required. Regular expression delimiters are optional, but
        if you need to specify delimiter, use /. The only case when the
        delimiters are needed, is specifying regular expression modifiers,
        such as m or U. Examples: \/\* or /$/m.
      - contained="yes": Marks region as contained.
      - never-contained="yes": Marks region as not-contained.
      - <contains>: Elements allowed inside this region.
            - all="yes" Region can contain any other region or block
            (except not-contained). May be used multiple times.
                  - <but> Do not allow certain regions or blocks.
                        - region="..." Name of region not allowed within
                          current region.
                        - block="..." Name of block not allowed within
                          current region.
            - region="..." Name of region allowed within current region.
            - block="..." Name of block allowed within current region.
      - <onlyin> Only allow this region within certain regions. May be
        used multiple times.
            - block="..." Name of parent region

* <block>: Block definition
      - name="...": Block name. Required.
      - innerGroup="...": color group of block contents. Optional. If not
        specified, color group of parent region or default color group will be
        used. One would only want to omit this attribute if there are
        keyword groups (see below) inherited from this block, and no special
        highlighting should apply when the block does not match the keyword.
      - match="..." Regular expression matching the block. Required.
        Regular expression delimiters are optional, but if you need to
        specify delimiter, use /. The only case when the delimiters are
        needed, is specifying regular expression modifiers, such as m or U.
        Examples: #|\/\/ or /$/m.
      - contained="yes": Marks block as contained.
      - never-contained="yes": Marks block as not-contained.
      - <onlyin> Only allow this block within certain regions. May be used
          multiple times.
            - block="..." Name of parent region
      - multiline="yes": Marks block as multi-line. By default, whole
        blocks are assumed to reside in a single line. This make the things
        faster. If you need to declare a multi-line block, use this
        attribute.
      - <partgroup>: Assigns another color group to a part of the block that
          matched a subpattern.
            - index="n": Subpattern index. Required.
            - innerGroup="...": color group name. Required.

          This is an example from CSS highlighter: the measure is matched as
          a whole, but the measurement units are highlighted with different
          color.

            <block name="measure"  match="\d*\.?\d+(\%|em|ex|pc|pt|px|in|mm|cm)"
                    innerGroup="number" contained="yes">
                <onlyin region="property"/>
                <partGroup index="1" innerGroup="string" />
            </block>

* <keywords>: Keyword group definition. Keyword groups are useful when you
  want to highlight some words that match a condition for a block with a
  different color. Keywords are defined with literal match, not regular
  expressions. For example, you have a block named identifier matching a
  general identifier, and want to highlight reserved words (which match
  this block as well) with different color. You inherit a keyword group
  "reserved" from "identifier" block.
      - name="...": Keyword group. Required.
      - ifdef="...", ifndef="..." : Conditional declaration. See
        "Conditions" below.
      - inherits="...": Inherited block name. Required.
      - innerGroup="...": color group of keyword group. Required.
      - case="yes|no": Overrides case-sensitivity of the language.
        Optional, defaults to global value.
      - <keyword>: Single keyword definition.
            - match="..." The keyword. Note: this is not a regular
              expression, but literal match (possibly case insensitive).

Note that for BC reasons element partClass is alias for partGroup, and attributes innerClass and delimClass are aliases of innerGroup and delimGroup, respectively., _(*9)

Conditions

Conditional declarations allow enabling or disabling certain highlighting rules at runtime. For example, Java highlighter has a very big list of keywords matching Java standard classes. Finding a match in this list can take much time. For that reason, corresponding keyword group is declared with "ifdef" attribute :, _(*10)

... ... , _(*11)

This keyword group will be only enabled when "java.builtins" is passed as an element of "defines" option:, _(*12)

$options = array(
    'defines' => array(
        'java.builtins',
    ),
    'numbers' => HL_NUMBERS_TABLE,
);
$highlighter = Text_Highlighter::factory('java', $options);

"ifndef" attribute has reverse meaning., _(*13)

Currently, "ifdef" and "ifndef" attributes are only supported for tag., _(*14)

Class generation

Creating XML description of highlighting rules is the most complicated part of the process. To generate the class, you need just few lines of code:, _(*15)

<?php
require_once 'Text/Highlighter/Generator.php';
$generator = new Text_Highlighter_Generator('php.xml');
$generator->generate();
$generator->saveCode('PHP.php');
?>

Command-line class generation tool

Example from previous section looks pretty simple, but it does not handle any errors which may occur during parsing of XML source. The package provides a command-line script to make generation of classes even more simple, and takes care of possible errors. It is called generate (on Unix/Linux) or generate.bat (on Windows). This script is able to process multiple files in one run, and also to process XML from standard input and write generated code to standard output., _(*16)

Usage:
generate options

Options:
  -x filename, --xml=filename
        source XML file. Multiple input files can be specified, in which
        case each -x option must be followed by -p unless -d is specified
        Defaults to stdin
  -p filename, --php=filename
        destination PHP file. Defaults to stdout. If specied multiple times,
        each -p must follow -x
  -d dirname, --dir=dirname
        Default destination directory. File names will be taken from XML input
        ("lang" attribute of <highlight> tag)
  -h, --help
        This help

Examples, _(*17)

Read from php.xml, write to PHP.php

    generate -x php.xml -p PHP.php

Read from php.xml, write to standard output

    generate -x php.xml

Read from php.xml, write to PHP.php, read from xml.xml, write to XML.php

    generate -x php.xml -p PHP.php -x xml.xml -p XML.php

Read from php.xml, write to /some/dir/PHP.php, read from xml.xml, write to
/some/dir/XML.php (assuming that xml.xml contains <highlight lang="xml">, and
php.xml contains <highlight lang="php">)

    generate -x php.xml -x xml.xml -d /some/dir/

Renderers

Introduction

Text_Highlighter supports renderes. Using renderers, you can get output in different formats. Two renderers are included in the package:, _(*18)

- HTML renderer. Generates HTML output. A style sheet should be linked to
  the document to display colored text

- Console renderer. Can be used to output highlighted text to
  color-capable terminals, either directly or trough less -r

Renderers API

Renderers are subclasses of Text_Highlighter_Renderer. Renderer should override at least two methods - acceptToken and getOutput. Overriding other methods is optional, depending on the nature of renderer's output and details of implementation., _(*19)

string reset()
    resets renderer state. This method is called every time before a new
    source file is highlighted.

string preprocess(string $code)
    preprocesses code. Can be used, for example, to normalize whitespace
    before highlighting. Returns preprocessed string.

void acceptToken(string $group, string $content)
    the core method of the renderer. Highlighter passes chunks of text to
    this method in $content, and color group in $group

void finalize()
    signals the renderer that no more tokens are available.

mixed getOutput()
    returns generated output.

Setting renderer options

Renderers accept an optional argument to their constructor - options array. Elements of this array are renderer-specific., _(*20)

HTML renderer

HTML renderer produces HTML output with optional line numbering. The renderer itself does not provide information about actual colors of highlighted text. Instead, is used, where XXX is replaced with color group name (hl-var, hl-string, etc.). It is up to you to create a CSS stylesheet. If 'use_language' option with value evaluating to true was passed, class names will be formatted as "LANG-hl-XXX", where LANG is language name as defined in highlighter XML source ("lang" attribute of tag) in lower case., _(*21)

There are 3 special CSS classes:, _(*22)

hl-main - this class applies to whole output or right table column,
          depending on 'numbers' option
hl-gutter - applies to left column in table
hl-table - applies to whole table

HTML renderer accepts following options (each being optional):, _(*23)

* numbers - line numbering style.
    0 - no numbering (default)
    HL_NUMBERS_LI - use <ol></ol> for line numbering
    HL_NUMBERS_TABLE  - create a 2-column table, with line numbers in left
                        column and highlighted text in right column

* tabsize - tabulation size. Defaults to 4

Example:

    require_once 'Text/Highlighter/Renderer/Html.php';
    $options = array(
        'numbers' => HL_NUMBERS_LI,
        'tabsize' => 8,
    );
    $renderer = new Text_Highlighter_Renderer_HTML($options);

Console renderer

Console renderer produces output for displaying on a color-capable terminal, either directly or through less -r, using ANSI escape sequences. By default, this renderer only highlights most common color groups. Additional colors can be specified using 'colors' option. This renderer also accepts 'numbers' option - a boolean value, and 'tabsize' option., _(*24)

Example :

    require_once 'Text/Highlighter/Renderer/Console.php';
    $colors = array(
        'prepro' => "\033[35m",
        'types' => "\033[32m",
    );
    $options = array(
        'numbers' => true,
        'tabsize' => 8,
        'colors' => $colors,
    );
    $renderer = new Text_Highlighter_Renderer_Console($options);

ANSI color escape sequences have the following format:, _(*25)

ESC[#;#;....;#m

where ESC is character with ASCII code 27 (033 octal, 0x1B hexadecimal). # is one of the following:, _(*26)

    0 for normal display
    1 for bold on
    4 underline (mono only)
    5 blink on
    7 reverse video on
    8 nondisplayed (invisible)
    30 black foreground
    31 red foreground
    32 green foreground
    33 yellow foreground
    34 blue foreground
    35 magenta foreground
    36 cyan foreground
    37 white foreground
    40 black background
    41 red background
    42 green background
    43 yellow background
    44 blue background
    45 magenta background
    46 cyan background
    47 white background

How to use Text_Highlighter class

Creating a highlighter object

To create a highlighter for a certain language, use Text_Highlighter::factory() static method:, _(*27)

require_once 'Text/Highlighter.php';
$hl = Text_Highlighter::factory('php');

Setting a renderer

Actual output is produced by a renderer., _(*28)

require_once 'Text/Highlighter.php';
require_once 'Text/Highlighter/Renderer/Html.php';
$options = array(
    'numbers' => HL_NUMBERS_LI,
    'tabsize' => 8,
);
$renderer = new Text_Highlighter_Renderer_HTML($options);
$hl = Text_Highlighter::factory('php');
$hl->setRenderer($renderer);

Note that for BC reasons, it is possible to use highlighter without setting a renderer. If no renderer is set, HTML renderer will be used by default. In this case, you should pass options as second parameter to factory method. The following example works exactly as previous one:, _(*29)

require_once 'Text/Highlighter.php';
$options = array(
    'numbers' => HL_NUMBERS_LI,
    'tabsize' => 8,
);
$hl = Text_Highlighter::factory('php', $options);

Getting output

And finally, do the highlighting and get the output:, _(*30)

require_once 'Text/Highlighter.php';
require_once 'Text/Highlighter/Renderer/Html.php';
$options = array(
    'numbers' => HL_NUMBERS_LI,
    'tabsize' => 8,
);
$renderer = new Text_Highlighter_Renderer_HTML($options);
$hl = Text_Highlighter::factory('php');
$hl->setRenderer($renderer);
$html = $hl->highlight(file_get_contents('example.php'));