Wallogit.com
2017 © Pedro PelĂĄez
A Twitter library in JavaScript.
A Twitter library in JavaScript., (*1)
Copyright (C) 2010-2015 Jublo Solutions support@jublo.net, (*2)
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version., (*3)
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details., (*4)
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/., (*5)
To include Codebird in your code, add its scripts to your markup:, (*6)
You may also use a JavaScript module loader of your choice (such as RequireJS or the one bundled in Node.js) to load Codebird unobtrusively. In Node.js, loading Codebird looks like this:, (*7)
var Codebird = require("codebird");
// or with leading "./", if the codebird.js file is in your main folder:
// var Codebird = require("./codebird");
var cb = new Codebird;
cb.setConsumerKey("YOURKEY", "YOURSECRET");
To authenticate your API requests on behalf of a certain Twitter user (following OAuth 1.0a), take a look at these steps:, (*8)
You may either set the OAuth token and secret, if you already have them:, (*9)
cb.setToken("YOURTOKEN", "YOURTOKENSECRET");
Or you authenticate, like this:, (*10)
// gets a request token
cb.__call(
"oauth_requestToken",
{oauth_callback: "oob"},
function (reply) {
// stores it
cb.setToken(reply.oauth_token, reply.oauth_token_secret);
// gets the authorize screen URL
cb.__call(
"oauth_authorize",
{},
function (auth_url) {
window.codebird_auth = window.open(auth_url);
}
);
}
);
Now you need to add a PIN box to your website. After the user enters the PIN, complete the authentication:, (*11)
cb.__call(
"oauth_accessToken",
{oauth_verifier: document.getElementById("PINFIELD").value},
function (reply) {
// store the authenticated token, which may be different from the request token (!)
cb.setToken(reply.oauth_token, reply.oauth_token_secret);
// if you need to persist the login after page reload,
// consider storing the token in a cookie or HTML5 local storage
}
);
Some API methods also support authenticating on a per-application level.
This is useful for getting data that are not directly related to a specific
Twitter user, but generic to the Twitter ecosystem (such as search/tweets)., (*12)
To obtain an app-only bearer token, call the appropriate API:, (*13)
cb.__call(
"oauth2_token",
{},
function (reply) {
var bearer_token = reply.access_token;
}
);
I strongly recommend that you store the obtained bearer token in your database.
There is no need to re-obtain the token with each page load, as it becomes invalid
only when you call the oauth2/invalidate_token method., (*14)
If you already have your token, tell Codebird to use it:, (*15)
cb.setBearerToken("YOURBEARERTOKEN");
In this case, you don't need to set the consumer key and secret. For sending an API request with app-only auth, see the âUsage examplesâ section., (*16)
oauth_verifier field from the request URI.In Javascript, try extracting the URL parameter like this:, (*17)
var cb = new Codebird;
var current_url = location.toString();
var query = current_url.match(/\?(.+)$/).split("&");
var parameters = {};
var parameter;
cb.setConsumerKey("STUFF", "HERE");
for (var i = 0; i < query.length; i++) {
parameter = query[i].split("=");
if (parameter.length === 1) {
parameter[1] = "";
}
parameters[decodeURIComponent(parameter[0])] = decodeURIComponent(parameter[1]);
}
// check if oauth_verifier is set
if (typeof parameters.oauth_verifier !== "undefined") {
// assign stored request token parameters to codebird here
// ...
cb.setToken(stored_somewhere.oauth_token, stored_somewhere.oauth_token_secret);
cb.__call(
"oauth_accessToken",
{
oauth_verifier: parameters.oauth_verifier
},
function (reply) {
cb.setToken(reply.oauth_token, reply.oauth_token_secret);
// if you need to persist the login after page reload,
// consider storing the token in a cookie or HTML5 local storage
}
);
}
:warning: Because the Consumer Key and Token Secret are available in the code, it is important that you configure your app as read-only at Twitter, unless you are sure to know what you are doing., (*18)
When you have an access token, calling the API is simple:, (*19)
cb.setToken("YOURTOKEN", "YOURTOKENSECRET"); // see above
cb.__call(
"statuses_homeTimeline",
{},
function (reply) {
console.log(reply);
}
);
Tweeting is as easy as this:, (*20)
cb.__call(
"statuses_update",
{"status": "Whohoo, I just tweeted!"},
function (reply) {
// ...
}
);
:warning: Make sure to urlencode any parameter values that contain
query-reserved characters, like tweeting the & sign:, (*21)
var params = "status=" + encodeURIComponent("Fish & chips");
cb.__call(
"statuses_update",
params,
function (reply) {
// ...
}
);
In most cases, giving all parameters in an array is easier, because no encoding is needed:, (*22)
var params = {
status: "Fish & chips"
};
cb.__call(
"statuses_update",
params,
function (reply) {
// ...
}
);
var params = {
screen_name: "jublonet"
};
cb.__call(
"users_show",
params,
function (reply) {
// ...
}
);
var params = {
q: "NYC"
};
cb.__call(
"search_tweets",
params,
function (reply) {
// ...
}
);
Tweet media can be uploaded in a 2-step process, and the media have to be base64-encoded. First you send each image to Twitter, like this:, (*23)
var params = {
"media": "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"
);
cb.__call(
"media_upload",
params,
function (reply) {
// you get a media id back:
console.log(reply.media_id_string);
// continue upload of 2nd image here, if any (just 1 image works, too!)
}
);
Second, you attach the collected media ids for all images to your call
to statuses/update, like this:, (*24)
cb.__call(
"statuses_update",
{
"media_ids": "12345678901234567890,9876543210987654321"
"status": "Whohoo, I just tweeted two images!"
},
function (reply) {
// ...
}
);
More documentation for tweeting with media is available on the Twitter Developer site., (*25)
To send API requests without an access token for a user (app-only auth), add another parameter to your method call, like this:, (*26)
cb.__call(
"search_tweets",
"q=Twitter",
function (reply) {
// ...
},
true // this parameter required
);
Bear in mind that not all API methods support application-only auth., (*27)
As you can see from the last example, there is a general way how Twitterâs API methods map to Codebird function calls. The general rules are:, (*28)
For each slash in a Twitter API method, use an underscore in the Codebird function., (*29)
Example: statuses/update maps to cb.__call("statuses_update", ...)., (*30)
For each underscore in a Twitter API method, use camelCase in the Codebird function., (*31)
Example: statuses/home_timeline maps to cb.__call("statuses_homeTimeline", ...)., (*32)
For each parameter template in method, use UPPERCASE in the Codebird function. Also donât forget to include the parameter in your parameter list., (*33)
Examples:, (*34)
statuses/show/:id maps to cb.__call("statuses_show_ID", 'id=12345', ...).users/profile_image/:screen_name maps to
cb.__call("users_profileImage_SCREEN_NAME", "screen_name=jublonet", ...).Never care about which HTTP method (verb) to use when calling a Twitter API. Codebird is intelligent enough to find out on its own., (*35)
The HTTP response code that the API gave is included in any return values.
You can find it within the return objectâs httpstatus property., (*36)
Basically, Codebird leaves it up to you to handle Twitterâs rate limit. The library returns the response HTTP status code, so you can detect rate limits., (*37)
I suggest you to check if the reply.httpstatus property is 400
and check with the Twitter API to find out if you are currently being
rate-limited.
See the Rate Limiting FAQ
for more information., (*38)
If you allow your callback function to accept a second parameter, you will receive rate-limiting details in this parameter, if the Twitter API responds with rate-limiting HTTP headers., (*39)
cb.__call(
"search_tweets",
"q=Twitter",
function (reply, rate_limit_status) {
console.log(rate_limit_status);
// ...
}
);
Normally, browsers only allow requests being sent to addresses that are on the same base domain. This is a security feature called the âsame-origin policy.â However, this policy is in your way when you try to access the (remote) Twitter API domain and its methods., (*40)
With Codebird, donât worry about this. We automatically send cross-domain requests using a secured proxy that sends back the required headers to the userâs browser., (*41)
This CORS proxy is using an encrypted SSL connection. We do not record data sent to or from the Twitter API. Using Codebirdâs CORS proxy is subject to the Acceptable use policy., (*42)
If your JavaScript environment is not restricted under the same-origin policy (for example in node.js), direct connections to the Twitter API are established automatically, instead of contacting the CORS proxy., (*43)
You may also turn off the CORS compatibility manually like this:, (*44)
cb.setUseProxy(false);
Cross-domain requests work well in any browser except for Internet Explorer 7-9. Codebird cannot send POST requests in these browsers. For IE7-9, Codebird works in limited operation mode:, (*45)
The source code of the CORS proxy is publicly available. If you want to, set up your own instance on your server. Afterwards, tell Codebird the address:, (*46)
cb.setProxy("https://example.com/codebird-cors-proxy/");
Heads up! Follow the notes in the codebird-cors-proxy README for details., (*47)
By default, each Codebird instance works on its own., (*48)
If you need to run requests to the Twitter API for multiple users at once, Codebird supports this automatically. Just create a new object:, (*49)
var cb1 = new Codebird; var cb2 = new Codebird;
Please note that your OAuth consumer key and secret is shared within multiple Codebird instances, while the OAuth request and access tokens with their secrets are not shared., (*50)
When the user returns from the authentication screen, you need to trade
the obtained request token for an access token, using the OAuth verifier.
As discussed in the section âUsage example,â you use a call to
oauth/access_token to do that., (*51)
The API reply to this method call tells you details about the user that just logged in. These details contain the user ID and the screen name., (*52)
Take a look at the returned data as follows:, (*53)
{
oauth_token: "14648265-rPn8EJwfB**********************",
oauth_token_secret: "agvf3L3**************************",
user_id: 14648265,
screen_name: "jublonet",
httpstatus: 200
}
If you need to get more details, such as the userâs latest tweet,
you should fetch the complete User Entity. The simplest way to get the
user entity of the currently authenticated user is to use the
account/verify_credentials API method. In Codebird, it works like this:, (*54)
cb.__call(
"account_verifyCredentials",
{},
function (reply) {
console.log(reply);
}
);
I suggest to cache the User Entity after obtaining it, as the
account/verify_credentials method is rate-limited by 15 calls per 15 minutes., (*55)
The Twitter REST API utilizes a technique called âcursoringâ to paginate large result sets. Cursoring separates results into pages of no more than 5000 results at a time, and provides a means to move backwards and forwards through these pages., (*56)
Here is how you can walk through cursored results with Codebird., (*57)
cb.__call(
"followers_list",
{},
function (result1) {
// ...
}
);
next_cursor_str:var nextCursor = result1.next_cursor_str;
nextCursor is not 0, use this cursor to request the next result page: if (nextCursor > 0) {
cb.__call(
"followers_list",
{cursor: nextCursor},
function (result2) {
// ...
}
);
}
To navigate back instead of forth, use the field resultX.previous_cursor_str
instead of next_cursor_str., (*58)
It might make sense to use the cursors in a loop. Watch out, though,
not to send more than the allowed number of requests to followers/list
per rate-limit timeframe, or else you will hit your rate-limit., (*59)
Codebird supports xAuth just like every other authentication used at Twitter. Remember that your application needs to be whitelisted to be able to use xAuth., (*60)
Hereâs an example:, (*61)
cb.__call(
"oauth_accessToken",
{
"x_auth_username": "username",
"x_auth_password": "4h3_p4$$w0rd",
"x_auth_mode" : "client_auth"
},
function (reply) {
console.log(reply);
// ...
}
);
If everything went fine, you will get an object like this:, (*62)
{
"oauth_token": "14648265-ABLfBFlE*********************************",
"oauth_token_secret": "9yTBY3pEfj*********************************",
"user_id": "14648265",
"screen_name": "jublonet",
"x_auth_expires": "0",
"httpstatus": 200
}
Are you getting a strange error message, an empty error, or status "0"? If the user is enrolled in login verification, the server will return a HTTP 401 error with a custom body (that may be filtered by your browser)., (*63)
You may check the browser web console for an error message., (*64)
When this error occurs, advise the user to generate a temporary password on twitter.com and use that to complete signing in to the application., (*65)
Besides the well-documented official methods, the Twitter API also contains undocumented additional methods. They are used by official Twitter clients, such as Twitter for iPhone and Twitter for Mac., (*66)
Access to these methods is restricted: Only white-listed applications (consumer keys) may access undocumented methods. Codebird supports accessing internal methods, but that will only work if you provide a white-listed API key. By reason, the API keys and secrets for official Twitter clients are not provided within this package, since they should have been kept a secret., (*67)
If you provide Codebird with the Twitter for iPhone consumer key and secret, the following example will get the latest events that happened with you:, (*68)
cb.__call(
"activity_aboutMe",
{},
function (reply) {
console.log(reply);
// ...
}
);
A Twitter library in JavaScript.
GPL-3.0+
api cors twitter networking
A Twitter library in JavaScript.
GPL-3.0+
api cors twitter networking