HackUnit
Testing framework written in and for Hack., (*1)
, (*2)
But Why?!
There are already many testing frameworks available, such as PHPUnit and behat. Why should you use this one?, (*3)
Because you like Hack specific features!, (*4)
With HackUnit, you can easily run your tests using cooperative async with the built in async keyword., (*5)
With HackUnit, you can easily iterate through your test data in an async way using the yield keyword., (*6)
With HackUnit, you indicate test methods using annotations., (*7)
The original goal of HackUnit was to write a testing framework using Hack's strict mode. The project will stay consistent with this goal as more features are added., (*8)
Install
Install HackUnit using Composer:, (*9)
composer require --dev hackpack/hackunit
Usage
HackUnit can be run from the command line using the included executable script bin/hackunit. By default, this will be symlinked in your vendor/bin directory., (*10)
Thus, the most common way to invoke HackUnit is:, (*11)
vendor/bin/hackunit path1 [path2] ...
where path1, path2, etc... are each base paths/files to scan for test suites. If any specified path is a directory, the directory will be recursively scanned., (*12)
Some command line options exist to alter the behavior of HackUnit:, (*13)
-
--exclude="path/to/exclude" : Do not scan the file or any file under the path provided. This option may be given multiple times to exclude multiple paths/files.
Test Suites
To define a test suite, create a class and annotate the appropriate methods., (*14)
You may inspect HackUnitās test files for concrete examples., (*15)
Tests
Individual test methods are defined using the
<<Test>> attribute.
Execution order of the tests is not guaranteed., (*16)
Each test method MUST accept exactly 1 parameter, with the type hint of HackPack\HackUnit\Contract\Assert.
If you mark a method as a test and the signature does not match, the test will not be run., (*17)
Test methods may be instance methods, or they may be class (static) methods., (*18)
namespace My\Namespace\Test;
use HackPack\HackUnit\Contract\Assert;
class MySuite
{
<<Test>>
public function testSomething(Assert $assert) : void
{
// Do some testing here!
$assert->int(2)->not()->eq(3);
$assert
->whenCalled(() ==> {throw new \Exception(ābad error)})
->willThrowClassWithMessage(\Exception::class, ābad errorā)
;
}
}
Async
Running your tests async is as easy as adding the async keyword to your test method., (*19)
namespace My\Namespace\Test;
use HackPack\HackUnit\Contract\Assert;
class MyAsyncSuite
{
<<Test>>
public async function testSomething(Assert $assert) : Awaitable<void>
{
// Make some async DB calls here as part of your test!
$user = await get_user();
// Or maybe an async curl call
$result = await get_external_user($user->id, 'api password');
$assert->string($result['user_name'])->is('expected username');
}
}
All such async tests are run using cooperative multitasking (see the async documentation), allowing your entire test suite to run faster if your tests perform real I/O operations (DB calls, network calls, etc...)., (*20)
Setup
You may have HackUnit run some methods before each individual test method is run and/or before any test method is run for the suite. To do so, mark the appropriate method with the <<Setup>> attribute. Multiple setup methods may be declared, but the execution order is not guaranteed., (*21)
Each setup method (both suite and test) MUST require exactly 0 parameters. If you mark a method as setup and it requires a parameter, it will not be executed and a parse error will be shown in the report., (*22)
class MySuite
{
<<Setup(āsuiteā)>>
public function setUpSuite() : void
{
// Suite level Setup methods must be class (static) methods
// Perform tasks before any tests in this suite are run
}
<<Setup(ātestā)>>
public function setUpTest() : void
{
// Perform tasks just before each test in this suite is run
}
<<Setup>>
public function setUpTestAgain() : void
{
// Multiple set up methods may be defined
// If there are no parameters to the setup attribute, the method is treated like a test setup
}
}
Suite setup methods are run once, before any of the test methods in the class are run., (*23)
Test setup methods are run just before each test method is run (and thus are potentially run multiple times)., (*24)
Teardown
You may have HackUnit run some methods after each individual test method is run and/or after all test methods are run for the suite. To do so, mark the appropriate method with the <<TearDown>> attribute. Multiple teardown methods may be declared, but the execution order is not guaranteed., (*25)
Each teardown method (both suite and test) MUST require exactly 0 parameters. If you mark a method as teardown and it requires a parameter, it will not be executed and a parse error will be shown in the report., (*26)
class MySuite
{
<<TearDown(āsuiteā)>>
public static function cleanUpAfterSuite() : void
{
// Suite level TearDown methods must be class (static) methods
// Perform tasks after all tests in this suite are run
}
<<TearDown(ātestā)>>
public function cleanUpAfterTest() : void
{
// Perform tasks just after each test in this suite is run
}
<<TearDown>>
public function cleanUpMoarStuff() : void
{
// This is also a ātestā teardown method
}
}
Suite tear down methods are run once, after all of the test methods in the class are run., (*27)
Test tear down methods are run just after each test method is run (and thus are potentially run multiple times)., (*28)
Suite Providers
Your test suite may require parameters to be passed to the constructor. To tell HackUnit how to construct your test suite, you must define at least one Suite Provider. A Suite Provider is marked with the <<SuiteProvider>> attribute., (*29)
You may define multiple Suite Providers for a single test suite. To do so, you must label each one by passing in one string parameter to the attribute (i.e., <<SuiteProvider('name of provider')>>). There are no restrictions on the name of a provider except that each provider name must be unique., (*30)
To use a particular Suite Provider for a particular test, you must pass the name of the Suite Provider to the Test attribute., (*31)
class SuiteWithProviders
{
<<SuiteProvider('One')>>
public static function() : this
{
$someDependency = new TestDoubleOne();
return new static($someDependency);
}
<<SuiteProvider('Two')>>
public static function() : this
{
$someDependency = new TestDoubleTwo();
return new static($someDependency);
}
<<Test('One')>>
public function testOne(Assert $assert) : void
{
// Do some assertions using TestDoubleOne
}
<<Test('Two')>>
public function testTwo(Assert $assert) : void
{
// Do some assertions using TestDoubleTwo
}
}
Assertions
All test methods must accept exactly one parameter of type HackPack\HackUnit\Contract\Assert which should be used to make testable assertions. This object is used to build assertions that will be checked and reported by HackUnit., (*32)
In all examples below, $assert contains an instance of HackPack\HackUnit\Contract\Assert., (*33)
Bool Assertions
To make assertions about bool type variables, call $assert->bool($myBool)->is($expected)., (*34)
Numeric Assertions
To make assertions about int and float type variables, call $assert->int($myInt) and $assert->float($myFloat) respectively. The resulting object contains the following methods to actually perform the appropriate assertion., (*35)
-
$assert->int($myInt)->eq($expected); : Assert that $myInt is identical to $expected
-
$assert->int($myInt)->gt($expected); : Assert that $myInt is greater than $expected
-
$assert->int($myInt)->lt($expected); : Assert that $myInt is less than $expected
-
$assert->int($myInt)->gte($expected); : Assert that $myInt is greater than or equal to $expected
-
$assert->int($myInt)->lte($expected); : Assert that $myInt is less than or equal to $expected
All of the above may be modified with a call to not() before the assertion to negate the meaning of the assertion. For example:, (*36)
$assert->int($myInt)->not()->eq($expected);
Note: This library only allows assertions to compare identical numeric types. $assert->int(1)->eq(1.0); produces a type error., (*37)
String Assertions
To make assertions about string type variables, call $assert->string($myString). The resulting object contains the following methods to actually perform the appropriate assertion., (*38)
-
$assert->string($myString)->is($expected) : Assert that $myString === $expected
-
$assert->string($myString)->hasLength($int) : Assert that the string has a length of $int
-
$assert->string($myString)->matches($pattern) : Assert that the regular expression contained in $pattern matches the string
-
$assert->string($myString)->contains($subString) : Assert that $subString is a substring of $myString
-
$assert->string($myString)->containedBy($superString) : Assert that $myString is a substring of $superString
All of the above assertions may be negated by calling not() before making the assertion. For example:, (*39)
$assert->string($myString)->not()->containedBy($superString);
Collection Assertions
To make assertions about collections and arrays, call $assert->container($context). The resulting object contains the following methods to perform assertions., (*40)
-
$assert->container($context)->isEmpty(); : Assert that the context has no elements
-
$assert->container($context)->contains($value); : Assert that the context contains the value given
-
$assert->container($context)->containsAny($list); : Assert that the context contains at least one element in the list provided
-
$assert->container($context)->containsAll($list); : Assert that the context contains all elements in the list provided
-
$assert->container($context)->containsOnly($list); : Assert that the context contains all elements in the list provided and no more
All of the contains* assertions above accept an optional second parameter which must be a callable. The callable will be used to compare the elements in the context with the element(s) provided. If the elements passed to the callable should be treated as equivalent, the callable should return true, otherwise it should return false., (*41)
Keyed Collections
If the keys of the container are important for the assertions, you should use $assert->keyedContainer($context). The resulting object contains the following methods to perform assertions., (*42)
-
$assert->container($context)->contains($key, $value); : Assert that the value contained in the context at the key provided matches the value provided
-
$assert->container($context)->containsKey($key); : Assert that the context contains the provided key
-
$assert->container($context)->containsAny($list); : Assert that the context contains at least one element in the list provided where both the key and value must be considered equivalent
-
$assert->container($context)->containsAll($list); : Assert that the context contains all elements in the list provided where both the key and value must be considered equivalent
-
$assert->container($context)->containsOnly($list); : Assert that the context contains all elements in the list provided and no more where both the key and value must be considered equivalent
All of the assertions above accept an optional second (or third in the case of contains) parameter which must be a callable. The callable will be used to compare the values of the elements in the context with the element(s) provided. If the values passed to the callable should be treated as equivalent, the callable should return true, otherwise it should return false., (*43)
Mixed Assertions
To make generic assertions about a variable of any type, call $assert->mixed($context). The resulting object contains the following methods to actually perform the appropriate assertion., (*44)
-
$assert->mixed($context)->isNull(); : Assert that $context === null
-
$assert->mixed($context)->isBool(); : Assert that $context is of type bool
-
$assert->mixed($context)->isInt(); : Assert that $context is of type int
-
$assert->mixed($context)->isFloat(); : Assert that $context is of type float
-
$assert->mixed($context)->isString(); : Assert that $context is of type string
-
$assert->mixed($context)->isArray(); : Assert that $context is of type array
-
$assert->mixed($context)->isObject(); : Assert that $context is of type object
-
$assert->mixed($context)->isTypeOf($className) : Assert that $context instanceof $className
-
$assert->mixed($context)->looselyEquals($expected) : Assert that $context == $expected note the loose comparison
-
$assert->mixed($context)->identicalTo($expected) : Assert that $context === $expected note the strict comparison
Skipping Tests
There are two ways to skip execution of a particular test method:, (*45)
- Add the attribute
<<Skip>> to the test method or the test suite. If the <<Skip>> attribute is added to the suite, all tests in that class will be skipped.
- Invoke the
skip() method of the Assert object passed to your test method.
use \HackPack\HackUnit\Contract\Assert;
<<Skip>>
class SkippedSuite
{
// All methods here would be skipped
}
class MySuite
{
<<Test, Skip>>
public function skippedTest(Assertion $assert) : void
{
// This will not be run and the test will be marked skip in the report.
}
<<Test>>
public function skipFromMiddleOfTest(Assert $assert) : void
{
// This will be run
$assert->skip();
// This will not be run and the test will be marked skip in the report.
}
}
Data Providers
You may mark some methods as providing a list of data that should be iterated and passed to a test method. To do this, mark the data providing method with the <<DataProvider('name')>> attribute. You must name your data provider as shown to allow HackUnit to know which data provider should be used for each test that consumes data., (*46)
class TestThatUsesData {
<<DataProvider('csv values')>>
public static function loadCsvValues(): AsyncIterator<array<string>>
{
$asynCsvLoader = new AsyncCsvLoader('/path/to/data.csv');
foreach($asyncCsvLoader await as $line) {
yield $line;
}
}
<<Test, Data('csv values')>>
public function testCsvValues(Assert $assert, array<string> $line): void
{
// Do assertions using the data from the csv file.
}
<<DataProvider('simple count')>>
public static function count(): Traversable<int>
{
return Vector{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
}
<<Test, Data('simple count')>>
public function countingTest(Assert $assert, int $count): void
{
// This test will be run five times, once for each of the values in the vector above.
}
}
The example above demonstrates defining both async and non-async data providers. Special note should be taken of the return values., (*47)
- Async data providers MUST return
AsyncIterator<dataType>.
- Non-async data providers MUST return
Traversable<dataType>.
- The consumer of a data provider MUST accept exactly
dataType as the second parameter.
In the example above, a MalformedSuite error would occur if the csv consumer function had the signature public function testCsvValues(Assert $assert, Traversable<string>): void. Even though an array<string> is a type of Traversable<string>, the HackUnit parser compares the string representation of the types to ensure invalid data is never passed to the test methods., (*48)
How HackUnit loads tests
All files inside the base path(s) specified from the command line will be scanned for class definitions using Fred Emmott's Definition Finder library. Those files will then be loaded and reflection is used to determine which classes are test suites, and which methods perform each task in the suite., (*49)
Thanks Fred!, (*50)
Strict mode all the files!
Well... not quite., (*51)
Top level code must use // partial mode, so the bin/hackunit file is not in strict mode. The rest of the project is, with one exception. Test suite files must be dynamically loaded after being scanned for test suites. The only way I can see to perform this dynamic inclusion is to use include_once inside of a class method, which is disallowed in strict mode. This one exception is marked with a /* HH_FIXME */ comment, which disables the type checker for that one line., (*52)
Running HackUnit's tests
HackUnit is tested with HackUnit. From the project directory run:, (*53)
hhvm /path/to/composer.phar test
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