S3 Uploads
Lightweight "drop-in" for storing WordPress uploads on Amazon S3 instead of the local filesystem.
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A Human Made project. Maintained by @joehoyle.
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S3 is a WordPress plugin to store uploads on S3. S3-Uploads aims to be a lightweight "drop-in" for storing uploads on Amazon S3 instead of the local filesystem., (*1)
It's focused on providing a highly robust S3 interface with no "bells and whistles", WP-Admin UI or much otherwise. It comes with some helpful WP-CLI commands for generating IAM users, listing files on S3 and Migrating your existing library to S3., (*2)
Getting Set Up
Once you have git cloned the repo, or added it as a Git Submodule, add the following constants to your wp-config.php:, (*3)
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_BUCKET', 'my-bucket' );
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_KEY', '' );
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_SECRET', '' );
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_REGION', '' ); // the s3 bucket region, required for Frankfurt and Beijing.
You must then enable the plugin. To do this via WP-CLI use command:, (*4)
wp plugin activate S3-Uploads
The next thing that you should do is to verify your setup. You can do this using the verify command
like so:, (*5)
wp s3-uploads verify
You'll want to create a new IAM user for the S3-Uploads plugin, so you are not using admin level access keys on your site. S3-Uploads can create the IAM user for you and asign the correct permissions., (*6)
wp s3-uploads create-iam-user --admin-key=<key> --admin-secret=<secret>
This will provide you with a new Access Key and Secret Key which you can configure S3-Uploads with. Paste the values in the wp-config.php. Once you have migrated your media to S3 with any of the below methods, you'll want to enable S3 Uploads: wp s3-uploads enable., (*7)
If you want to create your IAM user yourself, or attach the neccessary permissions to an existing user, you can output the policy via wp s3-uploads generate-iam-policy, (*8)
S3-Uploads can migrate your existing media library to S3. Once you have S3-Uploads up and running, use the following WP-CLI command:, (*9)
wp s3-uploads migrate-attachments [--delete-local]
By default, S3-Uploads will keep your files locally just incase something goes wrong, but you can delete with the --delete-local flag., (*10)
Listing files on S3
S3-Uploads comes with a WP-CLI command for listing files in the S3 bucket for debugging etc., (*11)
wp s3-uploads ls [<path>]
Uploading files to S3
Sometimes the wp s3-uploads migrate-attachments command may not be enough to migrate your uploads to S3, as that will only move attachment files to S3. If you are using any plugins that store data in uploads, you'll want to upload the whole uploads directory., (*12)
wp s3-uploads upload-directory <from> <to> [--sync] [--dry-run]
Passing --sync will only upload files that are newer in <from> or that don't exist on S3 already. Use --dry-run to test., (*13)
There is also an all purpose cp command for arbitrary copying to and from S3., (*14)
wp s3-uploads cp <from> <to>
Note: as either <from> or <to> can be S3 or local locations, you must specify the full S3 location via s3://mybucket/mydirectory for example cp ./test.txt s3://mybucket/test.txt., (*15)
Cache Control
You can define the default HTTP Cache-Control header for uploaded media using the
following constant:, (*16)
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL', 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 );
// will expire in 30 days time
You can also configure the Expires header using the S3_UPLOADS_HTTP_EXPIRES constant
For instance if you wanted to set an asset to effectively not expire, you could
set the Expires header way off in the future. For example:, (*17)
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_HTTP_EXPIRES', gmdate( 'D, d M Y H:i:s', time() + (10 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60) ) .' GMT' );
// will expire in 10 years time
Default Behaviour
As S3 Uploads is a plug and play plugin, activating it will start rewriting image URLs to S3, and also put
new uploads on S3. Sometimes this isn't required behaviour as a site owner may want to upload a large
amount of media to S3 using the wp-cli commands before enabling S3 Uploads to direct all uploads requests
to S3. In this case one can define the S3_UPLOADS_AUTOENABLE to false. For example, place the following
in your wp-config.php:, (*18)
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_AUTOENABLE', false );
To then enable S3 Uploads rewriting, use the wp-cli command: wp s3-uploads enable / wp s3-uploads disable
to toggle the behaviour., (*19)
URL Rewrites
By default, S3 Uploads will use the canonical S3 URIs for referencing the uploads, i.e. [bucket name].s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/[file path]. If you want to use another URL to serve the images from (for instance, if you wish to use S3 as an origin for CloudFlare), you should define S3_UPLOADS_BUCKET_URL in your wp-config.php:, (*20)
// Define the base bucket URL (without trailing slash)
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_BUCKET_URL`, 'https://your.origin.url.example/path' );
Offline Development
While it's possible to use S3 Uploads for local development (this is actually a nice way to not have to sync all uploads from production to development),
if you want to develop offline you have a couple of options., (*21)
- Just disable the S3 Uploads plugin in your development environment.
- Define the
S3_UPLOADS_USE_LOCAL constant with the plugin active.
Option 2 will allow you to run the S3 Uploads plugin for production parity purposes, it will essentially mock
Amazon S3 with a local stream wrapper and actually store the uploads in your WP Upload Dir /s3/., (*22)
Credits
Created by Human Made for high volume and large-scale sites. We run S3 Uploads on sites with millions of monthly page views, and thousands of sites., (*23)
Written and maintained by Joe Hoyle. Thanks to all our contributors., (*24)
Interested in joining in on the fun? Join us, and become human!, (*25)
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